Day 28: IP Addressing – IPv4, IPv6, and Subnet Mask Basics | Class 11 - BSEB Class 11-12 Computer Science: 100-Day Bilingual Guide with MCQs, Solutions and Questions

Day 28 – Chapter 4: IP Addressing

Class 11 Computer Science

Introduction to IP Addressing (आईपी एड्रेसिंग का परिचय)

IP (Internet Protocol) Addressing is a system used to identify devices on a network. It ensures data is sent to the correct destination.
आईपी (इंटरनेट प्रोटोकॉल) एड्रेसिंग नेटवर्क पर डिवाइसों की पहचान के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली प्रणाली है। यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि डेटा सही गंतव्य पर पहुंचे।

IPv4 (आईपीवी4)

IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol and uses a 32-bit address space.
आईपीवी4 इंटरनेट प्रोटोकॉल का चौथा संस्करण है और 32-बिट एड्रेस स्पेस का उपयोग करता है।

• Address Format: Consists of four decimal numbers separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.0.1).
• Total Addresses: Approximately 4.3 billion.
• Classifications: A, B, C, D, E based on the range of IP addresses.

IPv6 (आईपीवी6)

IPv6 is the sixth version of the Internet Protocol and uses a 128-bit address space.
आईपीवी6 इंटरनेट प्रोटोकॉल का छठा संस्करण है और 128-बिट एड्रेस स्पेस का उपयोग करता है।

• Address Format: Consists of eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
• Total Addresses: Nearly unlimited (approximately 340 undecillion).
• Features: Improved security, auto-configuration, and scalability.

Subnet Mask (सबनेट मास्क)

A subnet mask divides an IP address into network and host portions, helping to identify the network a device belongs to.
सबनेट मास्क एक आईपी एड्रेस को नेटवर्क और होस्ट हिस्सों में विभाजित करता है, जो डिवाइस के नेटवर्क की पहचान करने में मदद करता है।

• Default Subnet Masks:
  • Class A: 255.0.0.0
  • Class B: 255.255.0.0
  • Class C: 255.255.255.0
• Purpose: Reduces network traffic and improves performance.

Practice Questions (अभ्यास प्रश्न)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What is the purpose of an IP address?
   (a) Identify devices on a network | (b) Connect to the internet | (c) Secure data | (d) None
2. How many bits does an IPv4 address have?
   (a) 64 | (b) 32 | (c) 128 | (d) 16
3. Which of the following is an IPv4 address?
   (a) 192.168.0.1 | (b) 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334 | (c) ABCD:EFGH | (d) None
4. What is the primary advantage of IPv6?
   (a) Fewer addresses | (b) Unlimited addresses | (c) Compatibility | (d) None
5. What does a subnet mask do?
   (a) Identifies devices | (b) Divides IP address into network and host | (c) Provides security | (d) None
6. Which class has a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0?
   (a) Class A | (b) Class B | (c) Class C | (d) Class D
7. What is the format of an IPv6 address?
   (a) Dots-separated decimal | (b) Colon-separated hexadecimal | (c) Binary | (d) None
8. What is the main limitation of IPv4?
   (a) Slow speed | (b) Limited addresses | (c) Complexity | (d) None
9. What is the default subnet mask for Class B?
   (a) 255.0.0.0 | (b) 255.255.0.0 | (c) 255.255.255.0 | (d) None
10. Which version of IP is more secure?
    (a) IPv4 | (b) IPv6 | (c) Both | (d) None

Answers to MCQs:

1: (a), 2: (b), 3: (a), 4: (b), 5: (b), 6: (a), 7: (b), 8: (b), 9: (b), 10: (b)

Short Answer Questions (लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न)

1. What is an IP address?
   Answer: A unique identifier for devices on a network.
2. What are the differences between IPv4 and IPv6?
   Answer: IPv4 uses 32 bits, while IPv6 uses 128 bits and offers more addresses.
3. What is a subnet mask?
   Answer: It divides an IP address into network and host portions.
4. Give an example of an IPv6 address.
   Answer: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
5. Why is IPv6 necessary?
   Answer: IPv4 cannot accommodate the growing number of devices.

Long Answer Questions (दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न)

1. Explain the structure and benefits of IPv6 in detail.
2. Discuss the role of a subnet mask in IP addressing with examples.
3. Compare IPv4 and IPv6, highlighting their advantages and limitations.