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Day 6: Introduction to Number Systems – Binary, Decimal, Octal, and Hexadecimal | Class 11

Understand Number Systems in Day 6 of Class 11 Computer Science. Learn Binary, Decimal, Octal, and Hexadecimal systems with examples and uses.

Day 6 – Chapter 2: Introduction to Number Systems

Class 11 Computer Science

2.1 What are Number Systems? (संख्या प्रणाली क्या है?)

A number system is a way to represent numbers in a computer system. It defines how numbers are expressed and processed in various formats.
संख्या प्रणाली एक तरीका है जो कंप्यूटर प्रणाली में संख्याओं को दर्शाने और प्रोसेस करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है। यह विभिन्न प्रारूपों में संख्याओं को व्यक्त करता है।

2.2 Types of Number Systems (संख्या प्रणालियों के प्रकार)

2.2.1 Binary Number System (बाइनरी संख्या प्रणाली)

The binary system uses only two digits: 0 and 1. It is the fundamental language of computers.
बाइनरी प्रणाली केवल दो अंकों: 0 और 1 का उपयोग करती है। यह कंप्यूटरों की मूल भाषा है।

  • Base: 2
  • Example: 10102 (binary) = 1010 (decimal)

2.2.2 Decimal Number System (दशमलव संख्या प्रणाली)

The decimal system uses ten digits: 0 to 9. It is the most common number system used by humans.
दशमलव प्रणाली दस अंकों: 0 से 9 का उपयोग करती है। यह मनुष्यों द्वारा सबसे सामान्य रूप से उपयोग की जाने वाली संख्या प्रणाली है।

  • Base: 10
  • Example: 4510 (decimal)

2.2.3 Octal Number System (आठाधारी संख्या प्रणाली)

The octal system uses eight digits: 0 to 7. It is often used in digital systems as a shorthand for binary numbers.
आठाधारी प्रणाली आठ अंकों: 0 से 7 का उपयोग करती है। यह अक्सर बाइनरी संख्याओं के लिए एक शॉर्टहैंड के रूप में उपयोग की जाती है।

  • Base: 8
  • Example: 128 (octal) = 1010 (decimal)

2.2.4 Hexadecimal Number System (षोडशाधारी संख्या प्रणाली)

The hexadecimal system uses sixteen symbols: 0 to 9 and A to F. It is widely used in programming and memory addressing.
षोडशाधारी प्रणाली सोलह प्रतीकों: 0 से 9 और A से F का उपयोग करती है। यह प्रोग्रामिंग और मेमोरी एड्रेसिंग में व्यापक रूप से उपयोग की जाती है।

  • Base: 16
  • Example: A16 = 1010 (decimal)

2.3 Importance of Number Systems (संख्या प्रणालियों का महत्व)

  • They form the foundation of digital computing and data representation.
  • Essential for understanding computer architecture and programming.
  • Widely used in various applications such as networking, memory addressing, and cryptography.

Practice Questions (अभ्यास प्रश्न)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

  1. Which number system is the base for computers?
    (a) Decimal | (b) Binary | (c) Octal | (d) Hexadecimal
  2. How many digits are used in the octal system?
    (a) 2 | (b) 8 | (c) 10 | (d) 16
  3. What is the base of the hexadecimal number system?
    (a) 2 | (b) 8 | (c) 10 | (d) 16
  4. Which number system uses symbols 0 to 7?
    (a) Binary | (b) Octal | (c) Decimal | (d) Hexadecimal
  5. Which hexadecimal digit represents the decimal value 15?
    (a) E | (b) F | (c) D | (d) C
  6. What is the decimal equivalent of 10102?
    (a) 8 | (b) 9 | (c) 10 | (d) 11
  7. How many unique symbols are used in the binary system?
    (a) 2 | (b) 8 | (c) 10 | (d) 16
  8. What is the octal equivalent of the binary number 111?
    (a) 7 | (b) 8 | (c) 6 | (d) 5
  9. Which system is commonly used in memory addressing?
    (a) Decimal | (b) Binary | (c) Octal | (d) Hexadecimal
  10. Which of these is not a number system?
    (a) Binary | (b) Decimal | (c) Matrix | (d) Hexadecimal

Answers to MCQs:

1: (b), 2: (b), 3: (d), 4: (b), 5: (b), 6: (c), 7: (a), 8: (a), 9: (d), 10: (c)

Short Answer Questions (लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न)

  1. Define the binary number system. Give an example.
    Answer: The binary system uses two digits, 0 and 1. Example: 10102.
  2. What is the base of the hexadecimal number system?
    Answer: The base of the hexadecimal system is 16.
  3. How many symbols are used in the octal system?
    Answer: Eight symbols (0 to 7).
  4. Convert the binary number 1012 to decimal.
    Answer: 510.
  5. What is the significance of number systems in computing?
    Answer: They are essential for data representation, programming, and computer architecture.

Long Answer Questions (दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न)

  1. Explain the different types of number systems with examples.
  2. Discuss the applications of number systems in computing and programming.
  3. Why is the binary number system fundamental to computer systems?

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